Abrus precatorius
Chanothi · Gunj.
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
Field library
A working palette of 616 species—native, edible, medicinal, sacred.
Every Gardenia plan begins from this list. Trees that hold the canopy. Shrubs that fill the middle story. Climbers, herbs, grasses, palms, sedges, and succulents that carry season and habitat. We compose subsets of this palette to site, soil, water, and client intent.
Explore ecological interactions →Species / Cultivars
616 / 1136
Curated palette across native, naturalised, and food-forest cultivars.
Families
105
Fabaceae, Zingiberaceae, Apocynaceae, Moraceae, Malvaceae, and more.
Habit groups
8
Trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs, grasses, palms, succulents, sedges.
Use lenses
14
Edible, medicinal, sacred, aromatic, spice, timber, fodder, avenue, nitrogen-fixer, pollinator, dye, fibre, ornamental, carrier oils, oleo-gum resins.
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Abutilon indicum
Kanski · Indian Mallow · Country Mallow
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Acacia auriculiformis
Australian Baval · Australian Acacia · Earleaf Acacia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Acacia catechu
Khair · Catechu · Khadira
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- White
Acacia concinna
Shikakai · Soap-Pod
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Acacia jacquemontii
Baonli · Baniya · Jacquemont acacia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- White
Acacia leucophloea
Hermo Baval · White Bark Acacia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Acacia nilotica
Baval · Babool · Kalo Baval · Ram Baval · Gum-Arabic
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- White
Acacia senegal
Goradiyo Baval · Gum Arabic
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Acacia tortilis
Israeli - Baval · Twisted Acacia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Acalypha hispida
Bilad punch · Cat's Tail
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Green
Acrachne racemosa
Chinkhe · Jaura
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Adansonia digitata
Rukhdo · Kalpavriksha · Gorakhamli · Baobab · Monkey-Bread Tree
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Adenanthera pavonina
Ratanjali · Ratangunj · Red Sandalwood
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Red
Adenium obesum
Red Sandalwood · Desert rose
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Aegle marmelos
Bael · Bel · Sriphal · Bili · Stone apple · Wood apple
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Fruit harvest
- Dec–Feb
- Medicine harvest
- Dec–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Green
Aerva javanica
Gorakhganjo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Agave americana L.
Century plant · American agave · Ketki · Vilayati Kumvar
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- May–Jul
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Agave amica
Rajnigandha · Tuberose (syn. Polianthes tuberosa)
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.8–1.2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Spice harvest
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
Agave salmiana
Pulque agave · Giant agave · Giant Century plant
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Ailanthus excelsa
Arduso · Indian Tree of Heaven
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Alangium salvifolium
Ankol · Ankoli · Sage Leaved Alangium
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Albizia lebbeck
Kaliosaras · Shirish
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Albizia procera
Safed siris · White siris · Forest siris
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–30 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Allamanda blanchetii
Purple Allamanda
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
Allamanda schottii
Golden Trumpet Vine
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Aloe vera var. red
Red-leaved aloe selection · Ghritkumari · Aloe · Kuwarpathu
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 60–90 cm
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Dec–Feb
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Alpinia galanga
Kulanjan · Greater galangal
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
- Spice harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Alpinia zerumbet
Shell ginger
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–3 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- May–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Jul–Feb
- Spice harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Alstonia macrophylla
Batino · Hard Alstonia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Alstonia scholaris
Saptaparni · Devil's tree · Scholar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 25–40 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Oct–Jan
- Medicine harvest
- Nov–Jan
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Amomum subulatum
Badi elaichi · Black cardamom
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Jul
- Spice harvest
- Sep–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Red
Anacardium occidentale
Kaju · Cashew
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Dec–Feb
- Fruit harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Annona reticulata
Ramphal · Custard apple · Bullock's heart
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–10 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Fruit harvest
- Jun–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Annona squamosa
Sitaphal · Sharifa · Sugar apple · Custard Apple
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–7 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Jun
- Fruit harvest
- Jul–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Yellow
- Green
Anogeissus latifolia
Dhaura · Ax wood · Ghont
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Anogeissus pendula
Dhok · Dhaok · Button tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Anogeissus sericea
Dhao · Dhankra · Ghavad
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Antigonon leptopus
Ice-cream Vel · Coral Vine · Bride's Tears · Chain-of-love · Hearts on a Chain
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
Apluda mutica
Lapdu · Mauritian Grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Aquilaria malaccensis
Agarwood · Oud
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–30 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- May–Jul
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Argyreia nervosa
Samudrasosh · Elephant Creeper
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
Artabotrys hexapetalus
Hara champa · Climbing ylang-ylang · Green Champa · Lilo Champo · Hari Champo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Jun
- Spice harvest
- Mar–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Kathal · Jackfruit · Phanas
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- May–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Asparagus racemosus
Shatavari · Satavari · Ekalkanto
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1–2 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Oct–Dec
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Asparagus setaceus
Lacy Asparagus Fern · Climbing Asparagus Fern · Lace Fern
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Averrhoa carambola
Kamrakh · Star fruit
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 7–10 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Fruit harvest
- Sep–Dec
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
Avicennia marina
Grey Mangrove · White Mangrove · Tivar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Azadirachta indica
Neem · Limdo · Limbdo · Margosa
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
Bacopa monnieri
Brahmi · Water hyssop
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–30 cm
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Oct
- Medicine harvest
- Jul–Feb
Ideal soil
- Silty loam
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Purple
Balanites aegyptiaca
Hingot · Inga · Desert date
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 6–10 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Balanites roxburghii
Ingoriyo · Desert Date
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
Bambusa bambos
Kanta bans · Thorny bamboo · Spiny bamboo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Drought
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cream
- Yellow
Bambusa tuldoides
Buddha Bamboo · Buddha's-Belly Bamboo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cream
- Yellow
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.
Common bamboo · Vans · Golden Bamboo
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–20 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Oct–Dec
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Barleria cuspidata
Pido-Kanta-Shediyo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Barleria lupulina
Hophead · Philippine Violet
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Barleria prionitis
Pilo Kantasheliyo · Porcupine Flower
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Barringtonia acutangula
Hijal · Freshwater mangrove · Indian oak
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Basella alba
Pothi-ni-vel · Poi · Indian Spinach
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Bauhinia acuminata
Dwarf White Orchid Tree · Dwarf White Bauhinia · Kanchan · Safed Kachnar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Bauhinia purpurea
Kachnar (purple) · Purple orchid tree · Rakta - Kanchan · Dev - Kanchan · Mountain Ebony · Camel Hoof Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 7–10 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Purple
- Pink
Bauhinia racemosa
Asundro · Bidi Leaf Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Bauhinia tomentosa
Pido Kachnar · Pido Abondaro
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Bauhinia variegata
Kachnar · Orchid tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 10–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Pink
- Purple
Beaucarnea recurvata
Ponytail palm · Elephant-foot · Elephant's Foot Tree
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 4–6 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- May–Jul
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Bergera koenigii
Kadipatta · Curry leaf (syn. Murraya koenigii) · Kadi-Patta · Mittho Limbdo · Curry-Leaf Plant
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 4–6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
Bignonia magnifica
Glow Vine · Purple Funnel Vine · Lasan Vel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Bismarckia nobilis
Bismarkia Palm
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Bixa orellana
Sindoor · Annatto · Lipstick tree · Sindoori · Annattoo
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–7 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Blepharis sindica
Uttamkanta · Blepharis
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–0.6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Blue
- Purple
Bombax ceiba
Semal · Red silk cotton · Shimlo · Red-Silk Cotton
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 25–40 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
Bombax insigne
Semal · Red silk cotton (Indian)
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 20–30 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Red
Borassus flabellifer
Tad · Palmyra palm · Toddy palm
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–30 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Boswellia serrata
Salai · Shallaki · Indian frankincense
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Bothriochloa pertusa
Lal ghas · Pili ghas · Sticky grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–0.8 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Brown
- Purple
Bougainvillea glabra
Paperflower · Lesser bougainvillea
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 3–12 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
- White
Bougainvillea peruviana
Peruvian bougainvillea
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–8 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
Bougainvillea spectabilis
Bougainvel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Red
- Purple
- Pink
Breynia disticha
Snowbush
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Cream
Bridelia retusa
Asan · Akalkanto · Monj
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza
Kakra · Burma Mangrove · Black Mangrove
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Bryophyllum delagoense
Live-Forever · Mother of Millions
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Bryophyllum pinnatum
Patharchatta · Cathedral bells · Pan-Futi · Life-Plant · Ghamari · Zakhme-Hayat
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.8–1.2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Nov–Feb
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Red
Buchanania lanzan
Chironji · Charoli · Charodi · Chironji Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–15 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Apr–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Green
Buddleja madagascariensis
Madagascar butterfly bush
Non-native · Africa
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 4–6 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Oct–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Butea monosperma
Palash · Khakhro · Flame of the forest
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Orange
- Red
Cadaba fruticosa
Indian Cadaba · KaloKatakio · Khordu
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Caesalpinia bonduc
Kachka · Crested Fever Nut
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Caesalpinia ferrea
Brazilian Ironwood · Leopard Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Peacock flower · Dwarf poinciana · Galtoro · Shankhasur
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 4
- Max height
- 3–5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- May–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Orange
- Yellow
- Red
- Pink
Cajanus cajan
Tuver · Pigeon Pea · Arhar · Tur
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Calamus rotang
Bet · Rattan palm · Common rattan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–25 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Calliandra haematocephala
Powder Puff
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Calliandra tergemina
Dwarf Powder Puff
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Calligonum polygonoides
Phog · Phogra · Phogaro
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1–3 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Drought
- Pink
- Red
Callistemon citrinus
Bottle Brush · Laila Majnu
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
Calophyllum inophyllum
Sultan champa · Undi · Beauty leaf · Nagchampo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 20–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Oct–Jan
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Wind
- Saline
- White
Calotropis gigantea
Safed Aakdo · Moto Aakdo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- White
Calotropis procera
Aakdo · Nano Aakdo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- White
Camellia sinensis
Chai · Tea
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5–3 m (managed)
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Oct–Nov
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–May, Oct–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Cold
- White
- Yellow
Campsis radicans
Tilottama · Trumpet Creeper · Trumpet Vine
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Orange
- Red
Canavalia gladiata
Abbo · Alad · Tarvardi · Fofal
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Capparis decidua
Kerda · Bare Caper
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Capparis sepiaria
Kanther · Wild Caper Bush
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Carallia brachiata
Dharu · Freshwater mangrove
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Green
Cardiospermum halicacabum
Kanphuti · Balloon vine
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–4 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Oct
- Medicine harvest
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Careya arborea
Kumbhi · Wild guava
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Carica papaya
Papita · Papaya · Papaiyu · Papaw · Tree Melon
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–10 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
- Fruit harvest
- Year-round
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Carissa congesta
Karamda · Karanda
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Caryota urens
Shivjata · Shankerjata · Wine Palm · Fish-Tail Palm
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cream
- Yellow
Cascabela thevetia
Pili kaner · Yellow oleander · Mexican Oleander · Lucky Nut · Pili karen
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Cassia fistula
Amaltas · Garmalo · Golden shower · Indian Laburnum · Golden Shower Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Yellow
Cassia grandis
Coral Shower Tree · Horse Cassia · Pink Shower Tree
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
Cassia javanica
Java Cassia · Pink Cassia · Pink Shower
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
Cassia roxburghii
The Red Cassia · Ceylon Senna
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Casuarina equisetifolia
Saru · Beach sheoak · Sharu · Beef-wood Tree · Sea-Oak · Whistling Pine
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 20–30 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Wind
- Saline
- Brown
Catharanthus roseus
Sadabahar · Madagascar periwinkle
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 0.3–0.6 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
- Purple
Catunaregam spinosa
Mindhal · Gehela · Gel · Mountain Pomegranate · Common Emetic Nut
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
Cayratia carnosa
Bush Grape · Fox Grape · Khat Khatumbo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Ceiba pentandra
Kapok Tree · White Silk Cotton Tree · Safed Shimdo
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Celastrus paniculatus
Malkankani · Black Oil Plant · Intellect Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Cenchrus biflorus
Dhaman
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Brown
Cenchrus ciliaris
Anjan Dhaman
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Purple
Cenchrus setigerus
Dhaman grass · Birdwood grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.4–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Brown
- Purple
Centella asiatica
Mandukparni · Gotu kola
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–10 cm
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Jul–Feb
Ideal soil
- Silty loam
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Centratherum punctatum
Brazilian button flower
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.4–0.6 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Cerbera odollam rubra
Pong pong · Suicide tree (red form)
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- White
Ceriops tagal
Spurred Mangrove
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Ceriscoides turgida
Gugali · Phetra
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Ceropegia bulbosa
Patadtumbadi · Bulbous Ceropegia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Ceropegia candelabrum
Kundher · Candlestick Ceropegia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Cestrum diurnum
Divas no Raja · Day Jasmine
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Cestrum nocturnum
Raat-ni-Rani · Night-blooming Jasmine
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Cestrum parqui
Willow-leaved Jasmine · Pili Raat-rani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Chionachne gigantea
Garolu
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Chloris barbata
Mindadiu · Shiyad Punch
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Chloris virgata
Chloris virgata
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Chlorophytum comosum
Spider plant
Non-native · Africa
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 20–30 cm
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
Chloroxylon swietenia
Bhurat · Billarung · East Indian satinwood
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–18 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens
Areca palm · Golden cane palm · Butterfly palm
Non-native · Africa
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 6–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Chrysanthemum
Guldaudi · Shevanti
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 6
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Oct–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Drought
- Cold
- Yellow
- White
- Orange
- Pink
- Red
- Purple
Chrysopogon zizanioides
Khus · Vetiver · Khus-khus · Khus ghas · Valo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
- Spice harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Purple
Chukrasia tabularis
Indian Red Wood · Chittagong Wood · Lal Devdar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Cinnamomum cassia
Cassia · Chinese cinnamon
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Jun
- Spice harvest
- May–Jul
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Cinnamomum tamala
Tej patta · Indian bay leaf · Tamalpatra
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–20 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Jun
- Spice harvest
- May–Jul
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Cissampelos pareira
Venivel · Karandhiu · Velvet Leaf
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Cissus quadrangularis
Hadsankal · Devil's backbone · Veldt Grape
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Cissus rotundifolia
Peruvian Grape Ivy · Venezuelan Treebine · Succulent Grape
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Citrullus colocynthis
Indrayan · Bitter apple · Colocynth
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.3–0.5 m (trailing)
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Citrus × limon
Nimbu · Lemon · Limbu · Khatta · Bitter orange · Santara · Mosambi · Sweet orange
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
- Medicine harvest
- Dec–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Pink
Citrus japonica
Kumquat
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Dec–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cold
- White
Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.
Lemon — taxonomic synonym retained for nursery records
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
- Medicine harvest
- Dec–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Pink
Citrus maxima
Chakotara · Pomelo · Papnas · Chakotra Limbu · Shaddock · Forbidden Fruit
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 5–10 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Fruit harvest
- Nov–Jan
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cold
- White
Citrus medica
Citron · Bijoru
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Clerodendrum inerme
Vanjai · Vilayati Mehendi · Glory Bower
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Red
Clerodendrum phlomidis
Arni
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Clerodendrum speciosum
Red Bleeding Heart · Java Glory Vine
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Clerodendrum splendens
Flaming Glory Bower · Marvadi-Mogro
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Clerodendrum thomsoniae
Bleeding Heart Vine · Bleeding Glory Bower
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- White
Clitoria ternatea
Aparajita · Gokarna · Butterfly pea · Garnibibri
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Nov
- Medicine harvest
- Jun–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Blue
- White
Coccinia grandis
Tindora · Ivy Gourd
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Coccoloba uvifera
Sea Grape · Bay Grape
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Cocculus hirsutus
Vevdi · Vasan vel · Broom Creeper · Ink Berry
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Cochlospermum religiosum
Buttercup Tree · Yellow Silk Cotton Tree · Golden Silk Cotton Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Cocos nucifera
Nariyal · Coconut
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–30 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Wind
- Saline
- Yellow
- Cream
Coelachyrum brevifolium
Coelachyrum brevifolium
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Coffea arabica
Coffee · Kaapi
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 4–6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- White
Coix lacryma
Job's Tears · Christ's Tears · Gurgur
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Colocasia esculenta
Arvi · Patra · Taro
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Colvillea racemosa
Colville's Glory · Colvillia · Whip Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Orange
- Red
Combretum indicum
Madhumalti · Rangoon Vel · Rangoon Creeper
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
- White
Commiphora stocksiana
Kutch guggul · Stocks's bdellium
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Commiphora wightii
Guggul · Indian bdellium · Gugal
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–4 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Nov–Jan
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Consolida ajacis
Larkspur · Rocket Larkspur · Annual Delphinium
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Blue
Convolvulus prostratus
Shankhpushpi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 10–15 cm
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Nov
- Medicine harvest
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Blue
- White
- Pink
Cordia dichotoma
Mota Gunda · Indian Cherry · Vad Gundo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Cordia gharaf
Gharaf · Kutch cordia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–8 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Cordia myxa
Lasoda · Gunda · Assyrian plum
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
- Medicine harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Cordia rothii
Rouro · Roth's cordia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 4–8 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Cordia sebestena
Geiger tree · Scarlet cordia · Orange Geiger Tree · Aloe-wood
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–10 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Orange
- Red
Cordia sinensis
Grey-leaved saucer-berry · Desert gunda · Nani Gundi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 5–7 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Apr–May
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Cordyline fruticosa
Red Dracaena · Ti Plant · Good Luck Plant
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Corymbia citriodora
Lemon Scented Gum · Nilgiri
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Couroupita guianensis
Nagalinga · Cannonball tree · Kailashpati · Kauravpita · Cannon Ball tree · Snake-Flower Tree
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 20–35 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
- Yellow
Crateva religiosa
Varuna · Sacred garlic pear · Vayvarno · The Sacred Barna · Caper
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Crescentia alata
Mexican Calabash · Winged Calabash
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Crossandra infundibuliformis
Crossandra · Firecracker Flower · Aboli
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Orange
- Yellow
Crotalaria burhia
Sinia · Burhia rattlepod
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Cryptostegia grandiflora
Rubber Vel · Rubber Vine · Vilayati-Vacundi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Ctenolepis cerasiformis
Aankh Futamani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Cucurbita maxima
Giant Pumpkin · Lal Kodu · Red Gourd
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Curcuma alismatifolia
Siam tulip
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 0.5–0.7 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
- Purple
Curcuma amada
Amba haldi · Mango ginger
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.6–1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
- Spice harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Curcuma angustifolia
Tikhur · East Indian arrowroot
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–0.7 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Curcuma aromatica
Kasturi haldi · Wild turmeric
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.8–1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
- Spice harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Curcuma caesia
Kali haldi · Black turmeric
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Yellow
Curcuma longa
Haldi · Turmeric
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
- Spice harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Pink
Curcuma zedoaria
Kachur · Zedoary · White turmeric
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
- Spice harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Red
Cuscuta reflexa
Amarvel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Cymbopogon citratus
Lemongrass · Gavti chaha · Lili Cha · Lemon Grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cymbopogon jwarancusa
Lamajjaka · Iwarancusa
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cymbopogon martini
Rosha Ghans · Roicha Ghans · Gandharu Ghas
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Brown
Cymbopogon nardus
Citronella grass
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Spice harvest
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cymbopogon winterianus
Citronella · Citronella Grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cynodon dactylon
Doub Grass · Bermuda Grass · Wire Grass · Couch Grass · Durva · Darbha Grass · Dharo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Brown
Cyperus alternifolius
Umbrella Palm
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cyperus compressus
Poor Land Flat Sedge
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cyperus difformis
Variable Flatsedge · One-Arm Sedge · Rice Sedge · Small-Flower Umbrella Plant · Small-Flower Umbrella Sedge
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Cyperus exaltatus
Ghodachio Dungaro
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cyperus haspan
Chiyo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cyperus iria
Cyperus iria
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cyperus laevigatus
Cyperus laevigatus
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Cyperus rotundus
Common Nut Sedge · Moth
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Cyperus squarrosus
Cyperus squarrosus
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Dactyloctenium aegyptium
Crow Foot Grass · Tarakiyu
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Dalbergia sissoo
Sheesham · Indian rosewood · Sisum
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Yellow
Dalechampia scandens
Khajavani-ni-Vel · Khajoti
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Datura metel
Horn of Plenty · Downy Thorn Apple · Kalo Dhaturo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Purple
Delonix regia
Gulmohar · Royal poinciana · Flame Tree · Peacock Flower
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 12–15 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Wind
- Red
- Orange
- Yellow
Dendrocalamus asper
Giant bamboo · Rough bamboo · Dragon bamboo
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cream
- Yellow
Dendrocalamus strictus
Lathi bans · Male bamboo · Nakor Vans · Nar Vans · Man-Vel Vans · Calcutta Bamboo · Lilo Vans
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–16 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Oct–Dec
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cream
- Yellow
Desmostachya bipinnata
Darbh · Kusha · Daabhado
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Brown
Dichanthium annulatum
Jinjva · Zinzma · Sheda Grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Purple
Dichanthium caricosum
Zinzvo · Marvo · Zinu-Kaneru
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Dichrostachys cinerea
Mordhundhyu · Sickle Bush
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Yellow
Digitaria longiflora
Digitaria longiflora
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Dillenia indica
Elephant Apple · Indian Catmon · Mota Karmal
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Dillenia pentagyna
Nagla · Slender dillenia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Yellow
Dimocarpus longan
Longan
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 9–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Jun–Jul
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Dinebra retroflexa
Dinebra retroflexa
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Dioscorea bulbifera
Aerial Yam · Air Potato · Air Yam · Bitter Yam · Cheeky Yam · Potato Yam · Wild Yam · Varakand · Vanavel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Diospyros kaki
Japani phal · Japanese persimmon
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 6–10 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Apr–May
- Fruit harvest
- Oct–Dec
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Cold
- White
- Yellow
Diospyros melanoxylon
Tendu · Kendu · East Indian ebony
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–15 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Diospyros montana
Dheki · Makrol · Bombay Ebony
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Dipterygium glaucum
Moto chag · Phair
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Drought
- Yellow
- Cream
Dolichandra unguis-cati
Nakh Vel · Cat's Claw
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Dombeya spectabilis
Showy Dombeya · Maple Leaved Dombeya
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Dracaena fragrans
Cornstalk Dracaena
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Dracaena reflexa
Song-of-India · Pleomele
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Duranta erecta
Duranta · Golden dewdrop · Sky flower · Damyanti · Golden Dew-drops · Forget-me-Not
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 4–6 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Blue
- White
Dypsis lutescens
Golden Cane Palm · Areca Palm
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Echinochloa colona
Samo · Jiriu · Motu Jiriu
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Echinochloa crus-galli
Adbau Samo · Barnyard Grass · Jungle Rice · Cock's Foot · Prickly Grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Echinochloa frumentacea
Banti
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Eclipta prostrata
Bhringraj · False daisy
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.3–0.6 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Nov
- Medicine harvest
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
Ehretia laevis
Dant-Rang · Vadhvarni · Chamror
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Elaeocarpus angustifolius
Rudraksha · Utrasum bead tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
Elettaria cardamomum
Elaichi · Green cardamom
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Jul
- Spice harvest
- Oct–Dec
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Purple
Eleusine compressa
Jangli ghas · Wire grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.2–0.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Green
Eleusine coracana
Nagli · Bavto · Finger Millet · African Millet · Raagi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Eleusine indica
Andhannagli · Ukdo · Indian Crowfoot Grass · Indian Goose Grass · Wire Grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Ensete superbum
Rock Banana · Wild Plantain · Jangli Keda
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Brown
Epipremnum aureum
Centipede Tonga Vine · Golden Pothos
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Cream
Epipremnum pinnatum
Tonga Vine · Variegated-Philodendron · Surpankha · Dragon Tail Plant
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Cream
Eragrostis amabilis
Kalavo · Limor · Bug's Egg Grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Eragrostis nutans
Futiu · Chikatu · Fulia · Jenkua
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Eragrostis pilosa
Nani Fulkani · Hairy Love Grass · Indian Love Grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Eragrostis tremula
Eragrostis tremula
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Eranthemum roseum
Rosy Eranthemum · Blue Eranthemum
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Blue
Erythrina suberosa
Corky Coral Tree · Indian Coral Tree · Pangaro
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Eucalyptus globulus
Nilgiri · Blue gum
Non-native · Australia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 30–55 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Nov
- Spice harvest
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Cream
Euphorbia antiquorum
Tidhari Thor · Triangular Spurge
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Euphorbia caducifolia
Thor · Leafless spurge
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–3 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Euphorbia cotinifolia
Caribbean Copper Plant · Mexican Shrubby Spurge · Red Spurge · Smoketree Spurge · Tropical Smoke Bush
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Green
Euphorbia leucocephala
Snow Bush · White Small Leaf Poinsettia · Snow Flake · White-Laced Euphorbia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Euphorbia milii
Crown of Thorns
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Euphorbia neriifolia
Vaad Thor
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Lalpatti · Poinsettia · Christmas Flower · Lobster Flower
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Green
Euphorbia tirucalli
Kharsani · African Milkbush
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Euphorbia tithymaloides
Lady's Slipper Flower Plant · Vilati Kharsani · Devil's Backbone
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Fernandoa adenophylla
Katsagon Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Feronia limonia
Kaith · Wood apple · Elephant apple
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Ficus amplissima
Pilkhan · Kallichi · Indian council tree · Piper · Pipali
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–20 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Brown
Ficus benghalensis
Vad · Bargad · Banyan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 20–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Ficus benjamina
Weeping Fig · Golden Fig
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Ficus carica
Anjeer · Common fig
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 5–9 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Ficus elastica
Indian Rubber Tree
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Ficus pumila
Creeping Fig · Vadvel · Climbing Fig · Creeping Ficus · Creeping Rubber Plant
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Ficus racemosa
Gular · Umbar · Cluster fig · Goolar · Umardo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 15–20 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
- Fruit harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Ficus religiosa
Peepal · Pippal · Bodhi tree · Pipado · Holy Tree · Scared Fig
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–30 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Green
- Red
Filicium decipiens
Ningal · Fern Tree · Fern Leaf Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Fimbristylis ovata
Fimbristylis ovata
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Firmiana colorata
Kodaro · Matliga · Scarlet Sterculia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Green
Flueggea leucopyrus
Bushweed · Cool Pot · Indian Snow Berry · Thermacole Plant · Shivano
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Galphimia glauca
Slender Goldshower · Gold Shower · Shower of Gold · Rain of Gold
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Garcinia gummi-gutta
Malabar tamarind · Brindleberry
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Red
Garcinia indica
Kokum · Amsul · Kokam · Goa Butter Tree · Kokum Butter Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
- Medicine harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
Garcinia mangostana
Mangosteen · Mangustan
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 6–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
- Fruit harvest
- Jul–Sep
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Pink
- Yellow
Gardenia jasminoides
Cape jasmine · Gardenia
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Sep
- Spice harvest
- May–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Gardenia resinifera
King of the Day · Dikamali · Malan · Brilliant Gardenia · Cambi Resin Tree · White Emetic Nut
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Gliricidia sepium
Madre Tree · The Spotted Gliricidia · Dormouse Destroyer Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Mulethi · Yashtimadhu · Liquorice
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Aug–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Dec–Feb
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cold
- Purple
- White
Gmelina arborea
Gamhar · Kashmari · Beech wood · Sevan · Shivan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 25–30 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Brown
Gmelina philippensis
Parrot's Beak · Hedgehog
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Gossypium herbaceum
Kapas · Levant cotton
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Pink
Grevillea robusta
Silver Oak · Silk Oak
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Grewia asiatica
Phalsa · Falsa
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 4–8 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Grewia tenax
Gangeti · Gango · Gangi · White Crossberry · Phalsa Cherry · Raisin Bush
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Grewia villosa
Mallow Raisin · Mallow-Leaved Ross Berry · Round Leaf Grewia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Guazuma ulmifolia
Bastard Cedar · West Indian Elm · Rudrakshi · Bandok · Bhadraksha · Khotorudraksha
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Gymnema sylvestre
Madhunashi · Vakhandi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Gymnosporia montana
Vikalo · Vikaro · Vico · Red Spike Thorn
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
Gymnosporia senegalensis
Kharparpani · Mock buckthorn
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Haldina cordifolia
Haldu · Haldavan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Hamelia patens
Fire Bush · Scarlet Bush · Humming Bird Bush
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Hardwickia binata
Anjan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Hedychium coccineum
Red ginger lily
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
- Spice harvest
- Jul–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Hedychium coronarium
Dolan champa · White ginger lily
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Spice harvest
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Hedychium gardnerianum
Kahili ginger
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Spice harvest
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Hedychium spicatum
Kapur kachri · Spiked ginger lily
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Nov–Feb
- Spice harvest
- Nov–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Helichrysum cutchicum
Kutch everlasting · Cutch strawflower
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Helicteres isora
Mardasing · Screw-Fruit Plant · Kewan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Heliotropium rariflorum
Hathijan · Heliotrope
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Hemidesmus indicus
Anantmool · Indian sarsaparilla · Anantvel · Uparsal · Usbo · Oosambo · Upalsari
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Oct–Dec
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Purple
Heterophragma quadriloculare
Varas · Pullnug · Waras
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Heteropogon contortus
Spear grass · Salai · Black speargrass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Brown
- Orange
Hibiscus cannabinus
Deccan Hemp · Ambadi · Bhindi Ambodi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Jaba · Jasud · China rose · Shoe-Flower
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 5
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
- White
- Yellow
- Orange
Hibiscus sabdariffa
Rozelle · Red-Sorrel · Lal-Ambadi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Hibiscus schizopetalus
Latkan Jasud · Coral Hibiscus · Japanese Hibiscus
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Hiptage benghalensis
Madhvilata · Ragatpit · Helicopter Flower
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Holarrhena pubescens
Indrajav · The Easter Tree · Kuda · Pandhra Kuda · Kadvo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Holmskioldia sanguinea
Chinese Hat · Cup and Saucer · Parasol Flower · Mandarins Hat
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Orange
- Red
Holoptelea integrifolia
Kanju · Chilbil · Indian elm · Kanji · Charel · Palpaliya · Varli
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
- Medicine harvest
- Feb–Apr
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Green
- Yellow
Homonoia riparia
Dhamani · Riparian homonoia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–6 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Hyphaene dichotoma
Indian doum palm · Branched doum palm
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 4–8 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Illicium verum
Chakri phool · Star anise
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- May–Jun
- Spice harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Yellow
- Pink
Imperata cylindrica
Sarkanda · Dabh · Cogon grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
Indigofera argentea
Silver indigo · Bekario
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Drought
- Pink
- Red
Indigofera cordifolia
Bavali · Heart-leaf indigo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
Indigofera oblongifolia
Jhil · Jhiladi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
Indigofera tinctoria
Neel · True indigo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Nov
- Medicine harvest
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
Ipomoea aquatica
Nalichi-bhaji · Jalgamini · Nadani-bhaji · Naar-ni-Vel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Ipomoea cairica
The Railway Creeper · Porter's Joy · Narvel · Swairini
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Ipomoea carnea
Alpavardhini · Bush Morning Glory
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Ipomoea hederifolia
Scarlet Morning Glory · Scarlet Creeper · Ganesh Vel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Ipomoea obscura
Pungli · Vaj Vel · Vad Fudardi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Ipomoea pes-caprae
Maryad-Vel · Arvel · Samudraphen
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
Ipomoea pes-tigridis
Vaghpadi-ni-Vel · Vaghpadi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Ipomoea quamoclit
The Cypress Vine · Kamlata · Ganesh-Pushpa
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- White
Ixora chinensis
Scarlet Ixora · Flame Tree of Woods · Bakora · Ishvaku
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Ixora coccinea
Ixora
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
Ixora parviflora
White Ixora · Naveri · Kuraat · Torch Tree · Rai-Kudd
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Blue or Mimosa-Leafed Jacaranda
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Blue
Jacquemontia pentantha
Jakshini · Skyblue Clustervine
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Blue
- Purple
Jasminum laurifolium
Angel-wing jasmine · Angel-Hair Jasmine · Angelwing Jasmine
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–3 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Oct
- Spice harvest
- Mar–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Jasminum multiflorum
Kunda · Downy jasmine · Chameli · Star Jasmine
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Oct–Mar
- Spice harvest
- Oct–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Jasminum officinale
Chameli · Common jasmine · Jui
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 4–6 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Sep
- Spice harvest
- Jun–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Jasminum sambac
Mogra · Arabian jasmine · Mogro · Jui
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1–3 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Oct
- Spice harvest
- Jun–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Jatropha curcas
Barbados-Nut · Bubble Bush · Physic-Nut · Purge-Nut · Purging-Nut · Mogalai Erand · Ratanjyot
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Jatropha gossypiifolia
Belly-Ache Bush · Black Physic-Nut · Cotton-Leaf Physic-Nut · Vilayati-Erandi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Jatropha integerrima
Peregrina · Spicy Jatropha · Fiddle-Leaved Jatropha
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Jatropha multifida
Coral Bush · Coral Plant · China Erand
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Jatropha nana
Ratanjot · Dwarf jatropha
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Jatropha podagrica
Australian Bottle Plant · Gouty Stemmed Jatropha · Buddha Belly Plant
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Justicia adhatoda
Ardusi · Malabar Nut
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Kaempferia parviflora
Black ginger · Thai ginseng
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–30 cm
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- White
Kaempferia rotunda
Bhuichampa · Resurrection lily
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 25–30 cm
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Jan–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Purple
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
Kalanchoe · Flaming Katy · Christmas Kalanchoe · Florist Kalanchoe
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 4
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
- Yellow
- Orange
Kavalama urens
Kadayo · Indian-Tragacanth · Gum Karaya · Indian Gum Tragacanth · Karei
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Kigelia africana
Common Sausage Tree · Cucumber Tree
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Brown
Kyllinga nemoralis
White Water Sedge
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Lagenaria siceraria
Dudhi · Bottle Gourd
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Lagerstroemia indica
Crape-Myrtle · Chinai Mehndi · Lalit
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
- White
Lagerstroemia parviflora
Nahar · Saivan · Small-flowered crape myrtle
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Lagerstroemia speciosa
Jarul · Pride of India · Banaba · Queen Crape Myrtle · Queen's Flower · Taaman · Mota-Bondra
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Jul
- Medicine harvest
- May–Jul
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
- White
Lannea coromandelica
Indian Ash Tree · Mandhol · Modhad · Miniyo · Moyno
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Lantana camara
Indradhanu · Lantana
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 5
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
- Pink
- Red
- Purple
Lantana involucrata
White Lantana · Wild Sage · Button Sage
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Lantana montevidensis
Trailing Lantana · Weeping Lantana · Creeping Lantana
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Lasiurus scindicus
Sewan · San · Sind desert grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.3–0.6 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Brown
Lawsonia inermis
Mehndi · Henna · Hennah
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–Jun, Sep–Nov
- Spice harvest
- Mar–Jun, Sep–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Pink
Leptadenia pyrotechnica
Kheep · Dariyai khip · Khimp
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–3 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Leptadenia reticulata
Dodi · Kharkhodi · Hirandodi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Leucaena leucocephala
Pardeshi Baval · Liso-Baval · Vilayati Baval · Wild Tamarind · White Babool
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Limonia acidissima
Wood Apple · Kothu · Kavath
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Litchi chinensis
Litchi · Lichi
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- White
- Yellow
Litsea monopetala
Var · Indian litsea · Brown bollywood
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–20 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Luffa cylindrica
Galka · Bath Sponge Gourd
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Madhuca longifolia
Mahua · Mahuda · Indian Butter Tree · Mahudo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–20 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Cream
Magnolia champaca
Champa · Son champa · Joy perfume tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 25–30 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Sep
- Spice harvest
- Jun–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Orange
- Yellow
- White
Magnolia coco
Coconut magnolia · Dwarf magnolia
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 4–5 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- May–Jul
- Spice harvest
- May–Jul
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
Mallotus philippensis
Kamala Tree · Dyer's Rottlera · Monkey Face Tree · Orange Kamala · Red Kamala · Kanku · Kapila
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Malpighia emarginata
Acerola · Barbados cherry
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jul
- Medicine harvest
- May–Jul
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Pink
Malus domestica
Seb · Apple
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 4–9 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jan–Feb
- Fruit harvest
- Jul–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Cold
- White
- Pink
Malvaviscus penduliflorus
Pendulous Sleeping Hibiscus
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
Mangifera indica
Aam · Keri · Mango · Aambo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 25–40 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Fruit harvest
- Apr–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
- Pink
Manihot esculenta
Cassava · Tapioca · Mogo · Brazil Arrowroot · Shakarkand
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Manilkara hexandra
Khirni · Rayan · Ceylon Iron Wood · Milk Tree · Wedge-Leaved Ape Flower
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Apr–May
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Manilkara zapota
Chiku · Sapodilla · The Sapodilla Plum · Chikoo · Chico Sapote · Noseberry
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–20 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
- Fruit harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Mansoa alliacea
Garlic vine
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Maytenus emarginata
Kankero · Spike thorn
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–8 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Melia azedarach
Bakain · Persian lilac · Chinaberry · Bakain Limbo · Chinaberry Tree · Bead Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–20 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–Apr
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- White
Melia dubia
Malabar neem · Kadukajar · Maha neem · Gora neem · Barma dhek
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 6–30 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Oct–Feb
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Green
- White
Mentha spicata
Pudina · Spearmint
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 0.3–0.6 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cold
- Purple
- White
- Pink
Merremia aegyptia
Panch-Pan-ni-Fudardi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Merremia dissecta
Merremia dissecta
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Miliusa tomentosa
Hoom · Umbh · Umbho
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Millettia peguensis
Moulmein rosewood · Yellow Burmese rosewood
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
Millettia pinnata
Karanj · Pongamia · Indian beech · Pongam Tree · Indian Beech Tree · Pongame Oil Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 15–20 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Pink
- Purple
Millingtonia hortensis
Indian Cork Tree · Tree Jasmine · Akash-Limbdo · Buch · Latak Chameli
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Mimusops elengi
Bakul · Borsalli · Spanish cherry
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–15 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–May
- Spice harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Mitragyna parvifolia
Dhara Kadam · Kaim
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Momordica charantia
Karela · Bitter Gourd
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Monstera deliciosa
Swiss cheese plant · Ceriman · Fruit Salad Plant · Split-Leaf Philodendron · Mexican Bread Fruit · Window Leaf · Monstera
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Jul
- Fruit harvest
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Morinda citrifolia
Aal · Rangari · Bartundi · Great Morinda
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Moringa concanensis
Kadvo Saragvo · Konkan Moringa
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Moringa oleifera
Saijan · Sahjan · Drumstick · Moringa · Saragvo · Horse Sadish Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 10–12 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
Morus indica
Shahtoot · Tut · Indian mulberry · Shetoor · White Mulberry · Russian Mulberry · Silkworm Mulberry
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Fruit harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Green
- White
Mucuna pruriens
Kaucha · Velvet Bean · Cowitch · Cowhage · Kapikachu
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- White
Murraya paniculata
Kamini · Indian Box-Tree · Jaasvanti
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Musa acuminata
Kela · Banana · Plantain
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–7 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Yellow
Musa paradisiaca
Ked · Keda · Banana
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Brown
Mussaenda luteola
Mussaenda luteola
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Myristica fragrans
Jaiphal · Nutmeg & mace
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 9–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- May–Jun
- Spice harvest
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Yellow
Neolamarckia cadamba
Kadamb
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Nephelium lappaceum
Rambutan
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–20 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Jun–Jul
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Yellow
- Green
Nephelium ramboutan-ake
Pulasan
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Jun–Jul
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Yellow
- Green
Nerium oleander
Kaner · Oleander · The Oleander · Kanher · Lal Karen
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 4
- Max height
- 2–6 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
- Red
- Yellow
Nyctanthes arbortristis
Parijatak · Harshringar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Orange
Ocimum gratissimum
Ram tulsi · Van tulsi · Clove basil · Aavchi Baavchi · Wild Basil · African Basil
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Nov
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Ocimum tenuiflorum
Tulsi · Tulasi · Holy basil
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Purple
- White
Operculina turpethum
Nasottar · Pithori · Transparent Wood Rose · White Day Glory · Indian Jalap
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Oplismenus burmannii
Oplismenus burmannii
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Opuntia elatior
Fafdo Thor · Prickly Pear
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Oroxylum indicum
Tetu · Aralu · Broken Bones Tree · Tree of Damocles · Bhut-Vriksh · Mid-Night Horror.
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Purple
- Red
Pachypodium geayi
Madagascar Palm
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Pachystachys lutea
Lollipop Plant · Golden Shrimp Plant · Golden Candle
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Pandanus amaryllifolius
Pandan · Rampe (kewra of cuisine)
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Rare
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Pandanus odorifer
Kewda · Fragrant Screw Pine · Umbrella Tree · Screw Pine
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Pandanus variegatus
Variegated pandanus · Striped screw pine
Non-native · Pacific
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cream
- White
Panicum notatum
Narhali
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Panicum sumatrense
Gadro
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Parkia biglandulosa
Chanduphal · Badminton Ball Tree · African Locust Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Parkinsonia aculeata
Ram Baval · Jerusalem Thorn · Mexican Palo Verde
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Parmentiera cereifera
Candle Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Paspalidium flavidum
Yellow Watercrown Grass · Zinko Samo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Yellow
Passiflora edulis
Krishnakamal · Passion fruit · Purple Passion Flower · Apricot Vine · Krushna Kamal
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Sep
- Fruit harvest
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Purple
Passiflora foetida
Love-in-a-Mist · Stinking Passion Flower · Valighani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Purple
Passiflora ligularis
Sweet granadilla
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Sep
- Fruit harvest
- Sep–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Purple
Passiflora quadrangularis
Giant granadilla
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 4
- Max height
- 10–15 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Sep
- Fruit harvest
- Sep–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
- Red
- White
Peltophorum pterocarpum
Pila gulmohar · Copper pod · Yellow flame · Tamraparni · Copperpod · Rusty Shield-Bearer
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Wind
- Yellow
Pennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum'
Purple fountain grass
Non-native · Africa
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Pentas lanceolata
Pentas · Star Flower · Star Cluster · Egyptian Star Cluster
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
- White
Pergularia daemia
Chamar Dudheli · Utaran
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Persea americana
Makhanphal · Avocado · Butter fruit
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–20 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Fruit harvest
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Persicaria glabra
Sherul
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Petrea volubilis
Nilambha · Purple Wreath
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Blue
Phoenix dactylifera
Khajoor · Date palm
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Fruit harvest
- Jul–Sep
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Wind
- Saline
- Yellow
- Cream
Phoenix sylvestris
Wild Date Palm · Date-Sugar Palm · Indian Wild Date · Khajuri
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Phragmites australis
Narkat · Common reed · Dhamol
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Brown
- Purple
Phyllanthus acidus
Hari amla · Star gooseberry · Star Goose Berry · Country Goose Berry · Khataamla
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–9 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Apr–May
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
Phyllanthus emblica
Amla · Awla · Indian gooseberry · Indian Goose Berry
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–18 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Fruit harvest
- Oct–Feb
- Medicine harvest
- Oct–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Green
- Yellow
Phyllanthus reticulatus
Kamboi · Shinvi · Black-Honey Shrub · Black-Berried Feather Foil
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Phyllostachys nigra
Black bamboo · Kuro-chiku
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 4–8 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cream
- Yellow
Pimenta dioica
Allspice · Jamaica pepper · Pepper · Myrtle Pepper · Pimenta · Pimento · English Pepper or New Spice
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 10–20 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
- Spice harvest
- May–Jul
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
Piper betle
Paan · Nagvel · Betel leaf · Nagarvel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Cream
Piper longum
Pippali · Long pepper · Indian Long Pepper · Lindi Piper
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–3 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Dec–Feb
- Spice harvest
- Dec–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Cream
Piper nigrum
Kali mirch · Black pepper · Kala Mari
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 4–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Dec–Feb
- Spice harvest
- Dec–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Pistacia vera
Pista · Pistachio
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 6–10 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Jul–Aug
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Cold
- Green
- Brown
Pithecellobium dulce
Jungle jalebi · Goras imli · Manila tamarind · Manilla Tamarind · Madras Thorn · Sweet Tamarind · Vilayati Ambli
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Plectranthus amboinicus
Cuban Oregano · Indian Borage · Indian Mint · Mexican Mint
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- White
Plumbago auriculata
Plumbago · Cape Leadwort · Bhuro Chitrak
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Blue
- White
Plumeria alba
Champa · White frangipani
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–8 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Plumeria obtusa
Safed Champo · White Frangipani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Plumeria pudica
Wild Plumeria · Bridal Bouquet · White Frangipani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Plumeria rubra
Champo · Khad-Champo · Common White Frangipani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
- Yellow
Podranea ricasoliana
Zimbabwe Creeper · Queen of Sheba · Port John's Creeper · Bubblegum Vine · Pandorea · Pink Trumpet Vine
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
Polyalthia longifolia
Asopalav · Mast-Tree · False Ashok
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Polyscias balfouriana
Balfour Aralia · Dinner Plate Aralia · Plate Aralia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Polyscias filicifolia
Fern-Leaf Aralia · Angelica
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Polyscias guilfoylei
Geranium Aralia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Porteresia coarctata
Wild Rice
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Portulaca grandiflora
Office-Time Flower
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 4
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Red
- Yellow
- Orange
Portulaca pilosa
Pink Purslane · Kiss Me Quick · Chisme · Shaggy Portulaca
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
Portulaca quadrifida
Jinni Looni · Chicken Weed · Wild Purslane
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Pink
Portulaca umbraticola
Wingpod Purslane · Crownpod Purslane
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Yellow
Portulacaria afra
The Purslane Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Premna integrifolia
Arni · Headache tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–8 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Green
Prosopis cineraria
Khijado
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Prosopis juliflora
Gando Baval
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Prunus domestica
Aloo bukhara · European plum
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 5–8 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jan–Feb
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Drought
- Cold
- White
Prunus persica
Aaru · Peach
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 4–8 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jan–Feb
- Fruit harvest
- Apr–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Drought
- Cold
- Pink
Pseuderanthemum carruthersii
Purple False Eranthemum · False Eranthemum
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum
Shooting Star · Star Flower · Purple False Erantheum · Dazzler
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Psidium cattleyanum
Strawberry guava
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–7 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
Psidium guajava
Amrood · Jamphal · Guava · Peru
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
- Fruit harvest
- Year-round
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Pterocarpus marsupium
Biyo · Kino Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Pterocarpus santalinus
Raktachandan · Red sandalwood
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–11 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Pterospermum acerifolium
Maple-Leaved Bayur Tree · Kanak Champo · Muchh-Kund · Karnikar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Pterygota alata
Stave Wood · Buddha's Coconut · Badha
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Punica granatum
Anar · Dadima · Pomegranate · Dadam
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–8 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- Jul–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Jul–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Red
- Orange
Putranjiva roxburghii
Putranjeev · Putravanti · Lucky Bean Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Brown
Pycreus polystachyos
Pycreus polystachyos
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.3–1 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Pyrostegia venusta
Flame Vine · Flaming Trumpet
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Orange
- Red
Rauvolfia serpentina
Serpentina · Sarpagandha
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Rauvolfia tetraphylla
Wild Snake Root · Devil Pepper · American Serpent Wood
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Ravenala madagascariensis
Traveller's Tree
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Ravenia spectabilis
Lemonia · Limonia · Pink Ravenia
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Rhapis excelsa
Broadleaf Lady Palm · Lady Palm · Lady Finger Palm · Bamboo Palm
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Rhizophora mucronata
Asiatic Mangrove · Karod
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Rhynchosia minima
Burn-Mouth Vine · Jumby-Bean · Nahani Kamala Vel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Cream
Ricinus communis
Erandi · Divelo · Castor-Oil Plant
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Rosa indica
Desi gulab · Indian rose · Rose · Gulab
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 4
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Oct–Mar
- Spice harvest
- Oct–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Cold
- Red
- Pink
- White
- Yellow
Roystonea regia
Bottle Palm · Royal Palm
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Rubia cordifolia
Manjishtha · Indian madder
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 1.5 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Medicine harvest
- Oct–Dec
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
- White
Saccharum bengalense
Haadol · Sarkhant · Munj · Sarpankho
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Purple
Saccharum officinarum
Ganna · Sugarcane
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Nov–Jan
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Saccharum spontaneum
Kans · Wild sugarcane · Kasad
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
Sachharum ravennae
Ravenna Grass · Hardy Pampas Grass · Italian Sugar Cane
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
- Purple
Salix tetrasperma
Indian willow · Bains · Bodhi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–20 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Salvadora oleoides
Mithijar · Pilu
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Salvadora persica
Tooth Brush Tree · Mustard Tree · Salt Brush · Meswak · Piludi · Khari Jar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Salvia rosmarinus
Rosemary (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)
Non-native · Mediterranean
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 1–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
- Spice harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Cold
- Blue
- Purple
- White
Samanea saman
Vilayati siris · Rain tree · Monkeypod · Rato Shirish · Rato Sarasdo
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Wind
- Pink
Sansevieria cylindrica
Mother-in-Law's Tongue · Spear Sansevieria
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Sansevieria trifasciata
Snake Plant
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Sandy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Santalum album
Chandan · Indian sandalwood · Sukhad · Shvet-Chandan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–Apr
- Spice harvest
- Mar–Apr
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Cold
- Red
- Purple
Sapindus emarginatus
Aritha · Reetha · Soapnut
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–18 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Sapindus trifoliatus
Aritha · South India Soapnut
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Saraca asoca
Ashoka · Sita ashok · Ashok Tree · Sorrow Less Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 7–10 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Feb–Apr
- Medicine harvest
- Feb–Apr
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Orange
- Yellow
- Red
Sarcostemma acidum
Dodi · Kheer khimp · Soma
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Scaevola taccada
Bhadrak · Bhadraksh · Half Flower · Malayan Rice Paper · Beach Naupaka
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Schefflera arboricola
Dwarf Umbrella Plant
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Schleichera oleosa
Ceylon Oak · Kusum Tree · Lac Tree · Gum Lac Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Sehima nervosum
Dabha · Sehima grass
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Purple
Selenicereus undatus
Dragon fruit · Pitaya
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 5–6 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- May–Aug
- Fruit harvest
- Jun–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Semecarpus anacardium
Marking Nut Tree · Bibba · Bhilava · Oriental Cashew Nut · Varnish Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Senna alata
Candle Bush · Ringworm Shrub · Dadmurdan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Senna alexandrina
Son-Makkai
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Senna auriculata
Avaram · Tarwar · Tanner's Cassia · Aawal · Aaval
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Nov
- Medicine harvest
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Senna occidentalis
Sundaro · Kasundaro · Kasundari · Vadisunari · Coffee Senna · Coffee Weed
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Senna pallida
Senna pallida
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Senna septemtrionalis
Arsenic-Bush · Dooleyweed · Laburnum · Smooth Senna
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Senna siamea
Kassod tree · Minjri · Kasheed · Kasood · Siamese Senna · Siamese Cassia
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 12–18 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Senna sophera
Senna sophera
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Sesbania grandiflora
Agasti · Agathya · Vegetable hummingbird
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 5–10 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
- Red
Sesbania sesban
Shevari · Jayanti · Raysinghani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Yellow
Setaria glauca
Kolat · Kunchi · Kutra Ghans · Zipati Ghas
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Setaria intermedia
Kutela · Chiktu · Chikaniu
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Simarouba amara
Bitter Wood · Mountain Damson · Bitter Ash
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Smilax ovalifolia
Kumarika · Ushba
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Solanum anguivi
Moti-Ringani · Dorali · Vad-Ringani · Ubhi Bhoy-Ringani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Purple
Solanum incanum
Ubhi-Ringani
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Purple
Solanum rudepannum
Turkey Berry · Devil's Fig · Prickly Nightshade · Wild Eggplant · Pea Eggplant · Plate Brush
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
Sorghum bicolor
Jowar · Sudan Grass · Jar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Soymida febrifuga
Rohan · Royani · Indian Redwood · Bastard Cedar · Raktarohan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Spathodea campanulata
The Scarlet Bell · Fountain Tree · African Tulip Tree
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Orange
Spodiopogon rhizophorus
Spodiopogon rhizophorus
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Sporobolus helvolus
Sporobolus helvolus
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Stachytarpheta indica
Indian snakeweed · Blue porterweed
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Blue
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
Blue porterweed · Jamaica snakeweed
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Blue
- Purple
Stachytarpheta mutabilis
Pink porterweed · Changeable velvetberry
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
Stachytarpheta urticifolia
Nettle-leaf porterweed · Dark-blue snakeweed
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Purple
- Blue
Stenotaphrum secundatum
St.Augustine Grass · Buffalo Grass · Salt Grass
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Sterculia foetida
Jangli badam · Java olive
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–35 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Wind
- Red
- Purple
Sterculia guttata
Gulu · Indian tragacanth
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Sterculia urens
Kulu · Karaya gum tree · Ghost tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–18 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Strelitzia nicolai
Giant white bird of paradise · Wild banana
Non-native · Africa
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 6–10 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Nov–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Blue
Strelitzia reginae
Bird of paradise · Crane flower
Non-native · Africa
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Nov–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Orange
- Blue
Strychnos nux-vomica
Zehri Kochlu · Nux Vomica · Poison Nut
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Green
Swietenia mahagoni
Mahogany · West Indian mahogany · Mahaneem · True Mahogany Tree
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 12–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Jul
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Syzygium aromaticum
Laung · Lavang · Clove
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- Sep–Nov
- Medicine harvest
- Sep–Nov
- Spice harvest
- Sep–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Red
- Pink
Syzygium cumini
Jamun · Jambul · Black plum · Jambu · Java Plum · Java Apple
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–30 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
- Medicine harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Pink
Syzygium samarangense
Jamrul · Wax apple · Safed Jambu · Malay Apple · Mountain Apple · Rose Apple
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Mar–Apr
- Fruit harvest
- May–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Tabebuia aurea
Caribbean Trumpet Tree · Silver Trumpet Tree · Yellow Tabebuia
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Tabebuia pallida
Pale pink trumpet tree · Cuban Pink Trumpet Tree · Pink Tabebuia · Pink Trumpet Tree · White Cedar
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Feb–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Tabebuia rosea
Salvador Pink Trumpet Tree
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
Tabernaemontana divaricata
Chandni · Crepe jasmine · Pinwheel flower · Crape Jasmine · Moonbeam · Carnation of India · Tagar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1.5–3 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- White
Tagetes patula
Genda · French marigold
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 0.2–0.6 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Oct–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
- Red
Tamarindus indica
Imli · Amli · Tamarind · Tamarind Tree · Chineli
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Flowering
- May–Jun
- Medicine harvest
- Mar–May
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Yellow
- Red
Tamarix aphylla
Farash · Athel · Salt cedar
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Pink
- White
Tamilnadia uliginosa
Gengada · Pandri
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Tecoma capensis
Cape Honeysuckle
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Orange
- Red
Tecoma castanifolia
Chest Nut Leaf · Trumpet Bush
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Yellow
Tecoma fulva
Cahuato
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Orange
Tecoma stans
Yellow bells · Trumpet bush
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 4–8 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Oct–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Tecoma stans
Yellow Bells · Yellow Trumpet · Yellow-Elder
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Tecomella undulata
Ragatroido · Rohitak · Roheda · Honey Tree · Desert Teak · Marwar Teak
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Orange
- Red
Tectona grandis
Sagwan · Segun · Teak · Saag
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 30–40 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Tephrosia purpurea
Wild Indigo · Fish Poison · Sarpunkho · Ghodakan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Pink
Terminalia arjuna
Arjun · White marudah · Arjun Sadad · Arjun Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 20–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
- Medicine harvest
- Apr–Jun
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Yellow
Terminalia bellirica
Baheda · Bibhitaki · Behda · Belleric Myrobalan · Bastard Myrobalan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 25–30 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Green
- Yellow
Terminalia catappa
Desi badam · Indian almond · Badam · Lili Badam
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Apr–May
- Fruit harvest
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Wind
- Saline
- White
- Green
Terminalia chebula
Harad · Haritaki · Black myrobalan · Harde · Chebulic Myrobalan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 15–25 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Apr–Jun
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- White
- Yellow
Tetrapogon villosus
Tetrapogon villosus
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Themeda quadrivalvis
Themeda quadrivalvis
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Brown
Themeda triandra
Themeda triandra
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Theobroma cacao
Cocoa · Cacao
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 4–8 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Pink
- White
- Yellow
Thespesia populnea
Paras peepal · Portia tree · Bhendi · Paras Pipado · Indian Tulip Tree · Aden apple · Paras Bhendi
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 6–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Wind
- Saline
- Yellow
Thunbergia erecta
Bush Clock Vine · King's Mantle · Mohan
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Blue
Thunbergia fragrans
Sweet Clock-Vine · White Lady
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Thunbergia grandiflora
Bengal Clock Vine · Bengal Trumpet Vine · Blue Sky Flower · Blue Sky Vine · Blue Trumpet Vine · Neel Lata
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Blue
- Purple
Tinospora cordifolia
Giloy · Guduchi · Amrita · Gado · Gulbel · Indian Tinospora
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
- Medicine harvest
- Oct–Mar
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Toona ciliata
Indian Mahogany · Red Cedar · Toon Tree · Maha Neem · Kudak · Tooni
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Tragus mongolorum
Vandariyun Ghas
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Trema orientalis
Indian Charcoal Tree · Indian Nettle · Oriental Nettle · Pigeon wood · Poison Peach · Popti
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Trichosanthes cucumerina
Jangli Padvel · Snake Gourd
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
Triticum aestivum
Ghau · Wheat
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Turnera ulmifolia L.
Yellow alder · West Indian holly
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.6–1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
- Medicine harvest
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
Tylophora indica
Indian Ipecac · Indian Ipecacuahna · Dam-ni-vel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Typha angustifolia
Narrow-leaf cattail · Lesser bulrush
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Aug
Ideal soil
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Waterlogged
- Heat
- Brown
- Green
Urena lobata
Caesar weed · Congo jute · Urena
Naturalised in India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–3 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Pink
- Purple
Vallaris solanacea
Bread Flower
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Vanilla planifolia
Vanilla · Flat-leaved vanilla
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- May–Jul
- Spice harvest
- Dec–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Verbena bonariensis
Purpletop vervain · Tall verbena
Non-native · Americas
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 1–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jun–Nov
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
- Sandy
Tolerates
- Drought
- Heat
- Cold
- Purple
Vernonia elaeagnifolia
Curtain Creeper · Vernonia Creeper · Parda Vel
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 3–10 m climber
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Purple
- Blue
Vitex negundo
Nirgundi · Sambhalu · Nagod · Chaste Tree
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–5 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Medicine harvest
- Aug–Oct
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Purple
- Blue
Withania coagulans
Paneer dodi · Indian rennet
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1–2 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Green
- Yellow
Withania somnifera
Ashwagandha · Indian ginseng
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.6–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Flowering
- Aug–Oct
- Medicine harvest
- Oct–Feb
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Heat
- Cold
- Green
- Yellow
Wodyetia bifurcata
Foxtail palm
Non-native · Australasia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 10–15 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Year-round
Ideal soil
- Sandy loam
- Loamy
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Wrightia tinctoria
Kapas · Kala kuda · Pala indigo
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Yellow
Yucca gloriosa
Adam's Needle · Spanish Dagger
Non-native
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- White
- Cream
Zea mays
Maize · Makai · Indian Corn · Bhuta
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 1
- Max height
- 0.5–1.5 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Brown
Zingiber officinale
Adrak · Ginger
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 0.6–1 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
- Medicine harvest
- Dec–Feb
- Spice harvest
- Dec–Feb
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Clay loam
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Purple
Zingiber spectabile
Beehive ginger
Non-native · Asia
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 1.5–2 m
- Growth rate
- Fast
- Flowering
- Jul–Sep
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Silty loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Red
Ziziphus jujuba
Indian Jujube · Indian Plum · Bor · Mota Bor
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 8–15 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Ziziphus mauritiana
Ber · Bor · Indian jujube
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 3
- Max height
- 8–12 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Ziziphus nummularia
Chani Bor · Jhar Beri
Native to India
- Cultivars
- 2
- Max height
- 2–4 m
- Growth rate
- Moderate
Ideal soil
- Loamy
- Sandy loam
Tolerates
- Heat
- Yellow
- Green
Curation notes
A palette, not a planting list.
We never plant the whole library on any one site. Each project draws a subset—shaped by soil chemistry, water budget, microclimate, edge conditions, and what the client wants to do with the land. This page is the parent vocabulary from which those palettes are composed.
-
Native + naturalised
The bulk are Indian natives. A measured set of naturalised, fruit, spice, and ornamental species is included where productive landscapes ask for them—always evaluated for invasiveness on the site brief.
-
Sacred, medicinal, edible
Use tags are practical lenses—Ayurveda-relevant, kitchen-relevant, ritual-relevant. They overlap. Tulsi is medicinal and sacred; jamun is edible, medicinal and avenue-grade. Filters layer to surface those overlaps.
-
Toxicity & siting
Species like oleander (Nerium) and yellow oleander (Cascabela) are powerful ornamentals but toxic. They never enter children's gardens, food forests, or grazing-accessible edges in our plans.
-
Conservation note
Threatened species in this list (Commiphora wightii, Pterocarpus santalinus, Aquilaria malaccensis) are sourced only from ethical, traceable nurseries—or grown in-house for conservation-grade plantings.
Compose your site
Tell us about the land. We'll draw the palette.
Soil, water, sun, intent—the four inputs we need to translate this library into a planting plan for your site.
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